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just like scientific discoveries happen

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every day in today's laboratories so

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planetary spacecraft over the last

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several decades have made startling

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discoveries concerning the solar system

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we live in

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in the quest for better understanding of

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the world and universe

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the spectacular achievements of voyager

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1 and 2 as they flew past jupiter and

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its satellites far exceed the

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new discoveries heighten our awareness

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raising new questions

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what part do earth and its inhabitants

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play in this universal scene

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how is earth different from other

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planets in our solar system

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how are we the same

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as voyager past jupiter it discovered a

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thin ring about the planet

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what is its composition

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we know there are 16 moons are there

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several of the satellites are composed

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partially of water ice

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one is violently volcanic

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how did these bodies form and what is

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their history

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what can this giant planet tell us about

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the history of our solar system

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dr torrance johnson project scientist

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well jupiter itself of course we believe

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to be composed primarily of material

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that's very similar and virtually

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unchanged uh

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in the last four billion years to the

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material that formed all of the planets

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the fundamental solar nebula if you will

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the gas and dust from which all the

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planets formed in addition to which the

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satellite systems surrounding its

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magnetic field

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environment make it virtually a

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miniature solar system so by studying

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this system we can learn a lot about how

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the solar system as a whole formed and

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something about our own origins

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galileo the new generation spacecraft is

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designed to spend an extended period of

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the spacecraft will release a probe to

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the orbiter is then targeted to its

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first encounter io a moon known to have

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then the orbiter points its relay

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antenna toward the probe which begins

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once there it will investigate the

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composition temperatures and pressures

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at varying levels and send data back to

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the orbiter

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system measuring and observing the giant

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magnetic field and plasma as well as the

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intense radiation that surrounds jupiter

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while performing closer studies of the

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the combination of closer encounters and

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advanced instrument technologies carried

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on board galileo will give much better

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specific major advances that we've made

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is in the camera system where we're

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using the same optical system same

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telescope if you will that voyager did

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but instead of having a relatively slow

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and insensitive vidicon tube

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such as was used in tv cameras in the

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50s and 60s

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instead of that at the focus of the the

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telescope we now have a silicon based

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device a charged couple device

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camera system which gives us a

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increase in speed or sensitivity of the

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instrument of between 300 and a thousand

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times

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that allows us to take much higher

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resolution pictures much closer

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without blurring and it also gives us

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access to a little bit of the infrared

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part of the spectrum that was totally

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inaccessible to the voyager cameras

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now in addition to that in the infrared

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we have an entirely new device called

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the near-infrared mapping spectrometer

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which if you will is a little bit like a

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landsat type device

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giving us images in many different

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spectral bands and we'll have about 300

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different spectral bands what this means

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is we'll have from this device pictures

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with relatively modest resolution

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spatially but with where each pixel

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element within the picture will have a

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300 channel spectrum attached we're

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going to be using this in both jupiter

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and the satellites to map composition on

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their surfaces study the characteristics

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of jovian clouds find out where ices are

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on the surface try to identify the

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materials frozen out on the surface of

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enroute to jupiter galileo will pick up

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energy by utilizing gravity assists

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while traveling once by venus and twice

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by earth

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in addition to the bonus of studying

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these two planets and earth's moon

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galileo will perform close flybys on one

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or two asteroids never before closely

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then galileo will rendezvous with

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this unique trajectory will allow

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galileo to reach its ultimate goal

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returning a bonanza of scientific